Textile machines

ABSTRACT

The invention relates to the combination of a stored program digital computer and a textile producing machine the machine being controlled by the computer. The computer includes a fast random access store in which is stored information concerning repeated areas of the material to be produced and a control program. The computer also includes a logic unit disposed between the store and the machine, the logic unit receiving information from the machine and also serving to supply information to the machine as instructed by the control program.

United States Patent 11 1 1111 3,851,315

Anderson Nov. 26, 1974 [54] TEXTILE MACHINES 3,634,827 1/1972 Lourie et al. H 444/1 x [75] Inventor: Jnhn Ernest Anderson, wednesfield, 3.693.168 9/1972 Halkyard et al. 235/151 England FOREIGN PATENTS R APPLICATIONS [73] Assigneez Midland Industrial Computing 2,004,194 10/1970 Germany 235/l5ll Limited, Birmingham. England Primary Examiner-Joseph F. Ruggiero [22] Filed: June 1972 Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Darby & Darby [21] Appl. No.: 267,257

[57] ABSTRACT [30] Foreign Application Priority Data The invention relates to the combination of a stored June 29, 1971 Great Britain 30322/71 Program digital Computer and a textile Producing Oct, 971 Gm" Bmain 48753; chine the machine being controlled by the computer. The computer includes a fast random access store in (52} [L5, Cl H 340/1715, 235/151 444/ which is stored information concerning repeated areas [5 I] Int. Cl. G06! 15/46 of the material to be Produced and a Comm! P 58 Field 01 Search 1. 235/151, 151.1; 340/1725; The computer also includes a logic unit dispused be 444 1; 57 31; tween the store and the machine, the logic unit receiv ing information from the machine and also serving to [56] Referen Cit d supply information to the machine as instructed by the UNITED STATES PATENTS Control Program- 3 588,832 6/1971 Duncan 340/1725 66 Claims, 20 Drawing Figures 1 I PROG. I 3) I 5E3 I I l I 1 Z I FED I I2 ll IO I q l I 1 Eb 1 c- 1 1 I ARITH B CONTROL V NIT I U TEX. I 8 UNIT U i F MACH. 1 l I I I IO I I INST. a E i I B 1 I o TEX. I MEM. I DATfi/ MACH. 1 1 I 35 27 15 I 16 I I- I I I a l I 2 I/O LOGIC UNIT L E2231 1 l PATENIL Liv/261974 3.851.315 sum 2 OF 8 PATENIL HIVEEIBH 3 51.315 SHEET u [If 8 F\G.7d. FIGYQ.

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TEXTILE MACHINES This invention relates to the combination of a textile producing machine and a stored program digital computer for controlling the operation of the machine.

With such a combination it is possible to store information in the computer and to arrange that the information is stored and delivered in the order in which it is required to control the machine to produce a particular pattern on the material. Such an arrangement would however require the computer to have a large memory and the object of the present invention is to provide such a combination in a simple and convenient form.

According to the invention in the combination of a textile producing machine and a digital computer, the computer includes a fast random access store in which is stored information concerning repeated areas of the material to be produced, and a control program, the computer also including a logic unit disposed between the store and the machine, the logic unit receiving information from the machine and also serving to supply information to the machine as instructed by the control program.

According to a further feature of the invention the information concerning the repeated areas stored in the fast random access sotre is divided into a block or blocks representative ofa repetitive portion or portions of the repeated areas, the information contained in said block or blocks being made available to the machine as required by the machine.

According to a further feature of the invention the block or blocks stored are chosen in relation to an axis or centre of symmetry of the repeated area.

With this arrangement the information concerning certain portions of the pattern is stored only once in the computer memory and is made available as and when required for controlling the machine. In this way the amount of fast random access memory which is required by the computer is considerably reduced. thereby resulting in considerable economy.

The invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:

FIG. 1 shows a block diagram of one example of a textile producing machine and a stored program digital computer in accordance with the invention,

FIG. 2 is similar to FIG. 1 but shows the parts of the computer in greater detail,

FIG. 3 shows in greater detail the buffer arrangement associated with the knitting machine,

FIGS. 4, 5 and 6 show portions of a circular knitting machine,

FIGS. 70, 7b, 7c, 7d, 7e, 7f and 7g show a portion of the knitting sequence of a warp knitting machine,

FIG. 8 shows a buffering arrangement for a stacked actuator,

FIG. 9 shows a portion of a length of material produced on a circular knitting machine,

FIG. I0 shows to a larger scale a portion ofthe material shown in FIG. 9,

FIG. ll shows a length of material produced with a pattern repeated at irregular intervals,

FIG. 12 shows in greater detail part of the combina tion shown in FIG. 3,

FIG. I3 is a diagrammatic view of a portion of a flat knitting machine.

FIG. 14 is a further diagram relative to the flat knitting machine.

With reference to FIG. 1 there is provided a textile producing machine 10 which may be one of a number of types of machine, but which in the particular cause is a circular knitting machine, and which is provided with a plurality of electromechanically controlled actuators II which can be selectively energised to cause operation of the knitting machine in a particular way. The supply of electrical energy to the actuators is controlled by means of a stored program digital computer and the arrangement is such that the material produced by the machine may be provided with a particular pattern. For example, the pattern can be achieved by variation of the stitch, the type or colour of the yarn or thread used or a combination of these variables and it may be a pat tern repeated at regular or irregular intervals in both the horizontal and vertical directions.

A power supply including fast acting switches supplies electrical energy to the actuators. The switches are controlled by a hardware buffer 12. Conveniently the hardware buffer is in the form of an interface card which is plugged into a suitable socket inside the computer. Whilst the hardware buffer 12 controls the supply of electrical energy to the actuators II it also permits feedback of information to the computer from the knitting machine.

The digital computer includes a logic unit 13 and a fast random access memory 14 and as is conventional practice, information can be passed between the logic unit 13 and the memory 14 in either direction. The hardware buffer I2 is connected to the logic unit l3 and information relating to the pattern and control sig nals relating to the operation of the hardware buffer pass between the logic unit and the hardware buffer and information regarding the state ofthe machine, be tween the hardware buffer and the logic unit.

The computer is also provided with an input unit 15 by which means a program of computer instructions and information relating to the pattern can be stored in the fast random access storage of the computer. The input unit 15 is associated with the logic unit 13.

The stored program digital computer is shown in greater detail in FIG. 2 which uses the same reference numerals as FIG. 1. The memory 14 is shown to incorporate a memory unit 18, a memory address register 19 and a memory data register 20. The logic unit 13 is shown to incorporate the control unit 21, the instruction register 22, the program counter 23, the arithmetic unit 24, working registers 25, 26, the data switch 27 and the data highway 28.

The arrangement described is well known and whilst variations may be found between individual stored program digital computers such differences as there are do not in general substantially affect the general mode of operation of the computer. The operation of a stored program digital computer is well known in the computer art. Examples of such computers which broadly conform to the layout described above the Hewlett Packard 21 I4 and the Data General Corporation Nova 800.

It will be appreciated however that the invention is not limited in its application to any particular model or type of stored program digital computer or to any characteristic of any model or type of stored program digital computer.

As will be seen from FIG. 2 the data switch 27 is connected to three buffers 12 which are connected in turn to two knitting machines and an input or input/out put device 15 respectively.

It will be understood that the invention is not limited in its application to a circular knitting machine nor to the production of a pattern in material by colour variation and may be applied to any form of textile producing machine where it is desired to produce a pattern with visual variation, variation in surface texture, variation in the surface level etc., of the material.

The systems so far described utilize one computer to control one or two knitting machines. it will be understood however that depending on the amount of data to be supplied more than two knitting machines maybe controlled by a single computer or two or more computers may control a single machine. It is not necessary to provide individual computers with the amount of storage required for the maximum pattern variation and size since in very few cases will the maximum amount of storage be required to produce a particular pattern. It is possible to provide the individual computer with the necessary amount of storage from a convenient stock.

it will be appreciated that this storage is not necessarily limited to conventional random access storage, and may consist of other storage for example read only" storage if this is consistent with economic considerations.

An example of the buffers 12 associated with the knitting machine will be described in greater detail with reference to FIG. 3. Each buffer 12 comprises three sub buffers each capable of receiving and storing 16 bits of information. Each sub buffer 30 has sixteen in puts, only two of which are shown, and the corresponding inputs of each sub buffer are connected together and to respective input lines 31. The sixteen input lines 3] are connected to the data highway 28 ofthe computer by way of the data switch 27 and it will therefore be seen that when the computer outputs information to the particular buffer 12 the same information is present at the inputs of each sub buffer 30. The sub buffers 30 are set to store the information present at their inputs by means of signals applied by way of control lines 32. Three control lines 32 are provided associated with the three sub buffers 30 respectively. At the appropriate time a signal is transmitted along one of these lines so that the associated sub buffer 30 stores the information at its input terminals. Three such computer operations are required to load the three sub buffers 30 with information.

Each sub buffer has sixteen outputs and associated with the outputs respectively are drive circuits 33. Each drive circuit 33 is associated with a power stage not shown, so as to provide sufficient current to drive the associated actuator 11 of the knitting machine.

The filling of the sub buffers 30 takes place in an extremely short period of time. Since the actuators are electromagnetic in nature with high inertia and do not require accurate timing, it is arranged that the outputs to the associated actuators 11 are energised immediately without further control signals from the knitting machine. These outputs may however be gated with an analogue or digital signal from the knitting machine to give the input signal required for a particular type of actuator. This mode of operation is contrary to normal computer practice where the sub buffers when tilled with fresh information would only pass that information to an associated machine on receiving a control signal at some predetermined time.

Also provided in each buffer 12 are lines 34, 35 along which information is passed from the knitting machine to the computer. A signal on line 34 causes an interrupt of normal computer operation each time the knitting machine requires actuation or non-actuation and thereby causes the computer to alter the information contained in the sub buffers 30 thus affecting the actuators when appropriate. The line 34 may include pulse shaping and delay circuits so that the interrupt of normal computer operation to change the information in the sub buffers occurs at the correct time. Such pulse shaping and delay circuits will be necessary if it is not possible to provide a sensor on the knitting machine suitably positioned to produce a signal at the appropriate time. The line 34 may also include a counter 36 to be described, the purpose of which is to prevent an interrupt of normal computer operation until a predeter mined number of signals have been generated by the sensor on the knitting machine. In this example the counter is set manually but it will be appreciated that this counter could be set by the computer. The effect of the counter 36 is that the knitting machine will carry out a predetermined number of stitch operations without any change occurring in the setting up of the actuators. So far as the knitted fabric is concerned the effect will generally be to stretch the pattern horizontally.

With reference now to FIG, 12 of the drawings the counter 36 comprises a four bit decremental counter unit 37 the outputs from the individual stages of which are connected to a NOR gate 38. The stages of the counter are interconneetd in the usual manner and the line 34 from the textile producing machine is connected to the first stage of the counter unit 37 whilst the output ofthe NOR gate 38 is connected to the Device Done" circuits of the buffer. ln operation, the stages are initially set and the signals arriving from the knitting machine cause the counter unit to count down to zero. When this occurs there are no input signals to the NOR gate so that an output signal is supplied to the Device Done circuits of the buffer.

For setting the stages four switches 39 are provided and these are associated with the counter stages respectively, there being interposed between the stages and the switches, AND gates 40 respectively. The outputs ofthe AND gates are connected to the resetting terminals of the stages respectively and the one set of input terminals of the AND gates is connected to the switches respectively whist the other inputs are connected to a reset line 41. The switches 39 are set in binary code and when a reset signal is applied to line 40 the individual stages of the counter unit will be reset. Conveniently line 4] is provided with a reset signal each time a signal appears at the output of the NOR" gate 38 so that the counter stages are automatically reset. As shown the switches 39 are manually operable switches but as mentioned earlier these switches can be set by the computer provided a suitable instruction is inserted in the control program and appropriate information is inserted in the fast random access store.

The interrupt signals are processed in the normal interrupt handling of Device Done" circuits of the buffer in the normal way. The normal Device Busy" circuits of the buffer are utilized to ensure that the computer and knitting machine are in step. For this purpose the line 35 provides a signal at a predetermined point in the cycle of operation of the knitting machine. For a circular knitting machine a suitable time might be when needle one is adjacent to feed one, the beginning of a new course, or at the end of the old course. The signal is passed to the Device Busy" circuits of the buffer and sets the Device Busy bistable. It is arranged that the Device Busy" bistable is only examined by the computer as instructed by the stored program at the time when the computer expects the signal.

If the signal from the knitting machine is present when the Device Busy" circuits are activated when the computer carries on providing fresh information to the sub buffers 30. If however the signal from the knitting machine is not present when the Device Busy" circuits are activated then the computer stops providing fresh information to the sub buffers and only starts supplying fresh information when the next signal from the knitting machine occurs on line 35 and the knitting machine and computer are back in step. This will means that the knitting machine will carry on knitting without change in the setting of the actuators and therefore a fault in the material or pattern produced by the machine will occur. However the fault will normally only last until the next signal from the sensor or for not more than one rotation in the case of a circular knitting machine. It will be appreciated that spurious signals on the line 35 have no effect on the normal mode of operation. it will further be appreciated that while the computer is out of step with the machine it may supply any information to the machine which will not cause a malfunction of the machine. In some circumstances it is advisable to vary the information being supplied to the machine while the computer is out of step with the machine.

The actuators on a knitting machine are generally arranged to cause the needles to knit when no control signals are applied to them so that in the event for example ofa power failure yarn does not accumulate on the needles while the machine comes to rest. Stored program digital computers genrally incorporate means to close down their operation safely in the event of a power failure. However in the event of a malfunction ofthe digital computer information might be left in the hardware buffer causing control signals to be wrongly applied to the actuators. It is possible to connect the computer to the safety circuits of the machine in the following manner to avoid such a situation.

The line 35 is connected to a DELAY. The output of the DELAY and the output of the "Device Done" bistable are connected to and AND gate. The output of the AND gate is inverted and supplied to a relay. The output of the relay is connected to the safety circuits of the machine.

The computer will normally reset the Device Done" bistable before the DELAY outputs a signal to the AND gate. In this case the inverted output of the AND gate will maintain the relay in an energised state and no signal will be supplied to the safety circuits of the machine allowing normal operation.

lf however the computer fails to reset the Device Done bistable before the DELAY outputs a signal to the AND gate the inverted output of the AND gate will de-energise the relay and a signal will be supplied to the safety circuits of the machine to stop its operation.

Various forms of textile producing machine may be associated with the computer so as to be controlled thereby to produce a patterned fabric. One example only of such a machine will now be described.

The example chosen is a circular knitting machine having two sets of needles. One set of needles is mounted in vertical grooves respectively on the outside ofa needle cylinder having its longitudinal axis vertical. The needle cylinder is surrounded by an annular cam box. In the example the cam box is stationary while the needle cylinder rotates to provide relative motion between the cams and the needles. Cam parts are mounted on the internal peripheral wall of the cam box to form passages which may receive butts formed on the needles or on jacks associated with the needles. At various positions around the cam box are mounted thread guides each of which feeds one thread to the needles. In the vicinity of each thread guide the cam parts are shaped to impart movement to any butt which engages the cam parts and thus the needle associated with that butt.

This example ofa circular knitting machine employs latch needles. Upward movement ofa needle will result in the collection of a thread in the hook of the needle. Full upward movement of a needle will result in the loop positioned on the latch of the needle being displaced over the end of the latch whereas part upward movement of a needle will not. When the needle is moved down after a full upward movement the latch will be closed and the loop will be knocked over" leaving the newly inserted thread in the closed hook of the needle and thus forming a stitch. In the case where a part upward movement of the needle occurs the loop remains on the latch and cannot therefore close the latch and be knocked over during the subsequent downward movement. This eventually results in the formation of a "tuck" stitch. When the needle is retained in its downward position at a thread feed the needle will miss" the thread and the thread will be laid in the knitted fabric. The extent of the upward movement is determined by the cam engaged by the butt. In the example there is only one cam for causing needles to knit at each thread feed but it will be appreciated that there may be a cam for tucking and a cam for knitting or means for altering one cam to fulfill either purpose.

Various means of selecting which butts engage the cam parts and which do not are known. These means include various types of known electromagnetically controlled actuators. One such actuator may be mounted at each thread feed.

The aforesaid cam parts co-operate with selected butts. Some form of selector operated by the actuator is used to determine whether the butt is in a cam engaging position in which case the cam will move the needle to effect a stitch, or whether the butt is held in a position in which it will be clear of the cams so that the needle will remain in the miss or retracted position. A selector is provided for each needle and a single actuator may operate each of the selectors in turn. However, such an arrangement may impose limitations on the speed of operation of the machine. It is therefore known to provide a stack" of actuators at each thread feed. The actuators in a stack are generally mounted directly above one another and operate at a single needle position but it will be appreciated that other arrangements are possible. Each actuator controls the operation of all those needles associated with selector butts at a certain height. These needles are spaced at equal intervals round the needle cylinder so that the associated actuator has as much time as possible for its operation.

A circular knitting machine employing stacks of actuators will now be briefly described with reference to FIGS. 4, and 6.

With reference to these drawings there is provided a rotary needle cylinder 60 in the outer peripheral surface of which is formed a plurality of axially extending circumferentially spaced grooves. Mounted in the upper portions of the grooves are latch needles 61 respectively each having a but 62 which co-operates with cams formed on the internal periphery of an annular cam box 63 surrounding the needle cylinder. Also accommodated within the aforesaid grooves are jacks 64. Each jack has a shoulder for engagement with the associated needle and the lower portion ofthe jack is capable of flexure. At the lower end of the jack is a butt 65 and in the retracted position of the jack as shown in FIG. 4 the butt 65 is held clear of cams 66 which are mounted on a lower portion 67 of the cam box. The cams 66 are provided for raising the jack 64 and hence the needle 61 and a set of such cams 66 is provided at each thread feed position around the needle cylinder. If the jack is not in the retracted position the butt 65 will engage with the cams as the needle cylinder 60 rotates and be raised thereby lifting the needle. The cams on the cam box 63 are shaped to permit raising of the needle at the thread feed position and act when the needle has passed the thread feed position to lower the needle and the associated jack.

Associated with each jack 64 is a selector or presser 68 and this is pivotally mounted upon a part 69 carried by the needle cylinder 60. The lower end of the presser is positioned to engage with the bowed portion of the jack 64 and the upper end of the presser defines an upstanding butt 70. The butt 70 co-operates with a fixed cam 71 which is positioned in advance of the cam 66 and is arranged to urge the butts 70 outwardly away from the needle cylinder. During such outward movement the butt is brought into close proximity with a fixed magnet 72 and is attracted and retained by the magnet against the force exerted by the resilience of the lower portion of the jack. The outward movement of the butt 70 effects inward movement of the butt 65 to the retracted position. The magnet 72 extends circumferentially as shown in FIG. 5 and overlaps the cam 66 so that as long as the butt 70 is retained by the magnet the butt 65 will not be actuated by the cam 66.

Each presser 68 is initially provided on the outer side of its upper portion with a plurality of spaced selector butts but all except one of these butts is broken off when the presser is assembled into the machine to provide a single selector butt 73 at a particular height. As shown each presser was initially provided with six selector butts and adjacent pressers are arranged to have the selector butts at different positions. The selector butts 73 for convenience are arranged in sequence so that every sixth presser has the selector butt at the same height.

For co-operation with the selector butts 73 of the pressers 68 there are provided six operating members in the form of fingers 74 and these extend from a stacked actuator 75. The fingers are at heights corresponding to the various selector butts 73 but they can be tilted about horizontal axes into and out of exact registration with the selector butts 73. The ends of the fingers 74 adjacent to the pressers define cam forms and the arrangement is such that when the finger is in a position to contact a selector butt 73 the presser carrying that butt will be moved inwardly towards the needle cylinder thereby moving the presser away from the magnet 72. When this occurs the resilience ofthe lower portion of the jack will move the butt 65 into the path of the cam 66.

With particular reference to FIGS. 5 and 6 each finger 74 is pivotally mounted on a part of the stacked actuator 75, about a substantially horizontal axis and each finger has associated therewith an extension or armature 76. The armatures extend through annular electromagnets 77 respectively the current flow through which can be reversed when required so that the mag netic polarity of the end of the armature remote from the pivot can be reversed. Moreover, the end of the armature 76 extends between a pair of pole pieces 78 and these are polarized by a permanent magnet 79. In use therefore the position of the armatures 76 will depend upon the direction of current flow through the associated electromagnets 77 and by suitably controlling the direction of current flow needles may be selected and raised.

A dial 60a in the form of a horizontal disc or *dial" with grooves extending radially from its centre is also provided. The second set of needles is mounted in these grooves and co-operates with the first set of needles to produce patterned fabric. The operation of the second set of needles is generally controlled mechanically but it will be appreciated that it is possible to select the dial needles by means of electromechanically controlled actuators.

In FIG. 9 there is shown a portion ofa length of material produced on a circular knitting machine. The material is produced as a tube and is subsequently out along its length. The pattern on the material comprises repeated areas I6 shown in greater detail in FIG. 10. The repeated areas 16 are ofidentical colour formation and the remaining portion of the material is white. As shown in FIG. 9 each repeated area 16 includes four arms which are coloured red at their outer extremities. Substantially the whole of the remaining portions of the arms are coloured blue and the remainder of the re peated area is green. It will be appreciated that the shape of the repeated areas 16 is not limited to the particular shape or size shown moreover, the colour make up of the pattern can be as desired, and there may be more than one type of repeated area in a pattern.

In order to produce a course of such a piece of material on a circular knitting machine the machine will require four thread feeds for the different colours respectively and four actuators for operating the outside needles as the cylinder carrying the outside needles rotates. The outside needles when actuated pull a loop of one of the threads onto the outside of the material so as to expose that thread on the outside of the material. The particular knitting machine is required to produce four courses of the material at a time and hence 16 actuators are required and 16 individual threads are fed to the machine. The operation of such a machine has been explained and the desired pattern is built up as the material is being knitted, by operation of the individual actuators at the appropriate instants.

As has been mentioned the supply of electrical power to the electromagnetic means may be controlled by a stored program digital computer in which the whole of the actuator control signals are stored in the order in which they are output. With this arrangement a substantial proportion of the information stored in the computer would be duplicated thereby leading to the need to provide a large amount of storage in the computer with the attendant problems of cost. In order to overcome this problem the information concerning the repeated areas which in the example shown are identical is stored only once in the computer and the information is extracted from the fast random access store of the computer as and when it is required.

This is achieved by using the facilities of the logic unit 13 as instructed by the stored program of computer instructions which inspects and updates information stored in the fast random access storage regarding the position of each and every actuator relative to the information stored concerning the repeated area. The stored program of computer instructions also tests and updates information concerning the position of the needle cylinder. The relevant actuator movements are extracted for a position of the needly cylinder at a particular point in time.

If we refer to FIG. it will be noted that the repeated area 16 is symmetrical about both the horizontal and vertical axes, it being understood of course that the horizontal axis in the material is not truly horizontal or at right angles to the vertical axis. By virtue of the symmetry ofthe repeated areas further economy in the amount of fast random access memory required in the computer can be achieved. lt would be possible to store information concerning the upper or lower half of the repeated area or concerning the left hand or right hand portion of the repeated areas. Alternatively to achieve even greater economy the repeated area can be divided into quarters and the information concerning one quarter only stored. The program of computer instructions and the information regarding the position of each and every actuator also contained in the fast random access memory is arranged to take this into account when the information is extracted from the memory. it will be understood that some repeated areas will have a centre of symmetry in which case the amount of information to be stored can be further reduced. It will also be appreciated that one repeated area can be a mirror image of another such area.

TABLEI A B B C C D i D I A l l l B C D i it a a Outputsto- A B C D A B C D 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 l) 0 0 Cl 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 t l 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 D 0 0 0 t) 0 0 l) O 0 0 0 0 0 O 0 0 0 According to the invention a further advantage can be obtained by storing binary numbers instead of the blocks when storing information concerning the composition of repeated areas known as pattern data. The advantage is best demonstrated with reference to Table l in which the desired arrangement of face stitches in a course is shown at 20a. These face stitches are stored as a number of blocks ofa repeated area there being no limitation on the size or shape ofa block or the nature of the pattern in a block or the number of different blocks which make up the repeated area. In Table l the letters A,B,C, and D represent single face stitches of the different colours A,B,C and D. Moreover, beneath the representation of the course are shown lines representing the actuators responsible for the colours A,B,C and D. The course shown is only part of a course and the table shows by the numeral 1 when the actuator is operated and by zero when the actuator is not operated. It will be appreciated however that the opposite representation might be used. The gaps in the table are left because it is desired to illustrate only the knitting of the portion of the course shown at 20a at times T and T all the actuators are operated and this is due to the particular arrangement ofcolours chosen. From the table it can be seen that 32 bits of information would need to be stored in all circumstances.

TABLE 2 Pattern data: 00 00 01 01 10 10 11 11 where 00 is stored instead of a block comprising one face stitch of colour A where Ol is stored instead ofa block comprising one face stitch of colour B where l0 is stored instead of a block comprising one face stitch of colour C where l l is stored instead ofa block comprising one face stitch of colour D In Table 2 there is shown a system in accordance with the invention and in which binary numbers are used to facilitate the storage of the pattern data. The system is demonstrated for producing the same arrangement of stitches as that shown in Table I. It will be seen that in order to store the desired pattern data only [6 bits are required.

TABLE 3 Pattern data: 00 01 l0 11 where 00 is stored instead of a block comprising two face stitches of colour A where Ol is stored instead of a block comprising two face stitches of colour B where l0 is stored instead of a block comprising two face stitches of colour C where l l is stored instead ofa block comprising two face stitches of colour D Furthermore, as shown in Table 3 advantage can be puter as and when it is required. This is achieved as previously described using the facilities of the logic unit 13 as instructed by the stored program of computer instructions etc.

It will be understood that the invention is not limited in its application to a circular knitting machine nor to the production of a pattern in material by colour variation and may be applied to any form of textile produc ing machine where it is desired to produce a pattern with visual variation, variation in surface texture, variation in the surface level etc., of the material. One binary number would be used to represent one block in the pattern with a particular combination of contents. The size of the binary number would depend on the number of combinations in use in that particular pattern.

It is desirable to limit the amount of fast random access storage used to store the program of computer instructions which controls the textile machines. as well as the storage required to store the pattern data, on cost grounds. In addition, the time available for such programs to operate is limited by the relative speeds of the digital computer and the one or more textile producing machines it controls. This gives rise to certain requirements for very efficient computer programs.

The nature of the pattern data may require as little as one bit to represent a block. Digital computers do not generally address single bits individually as this requires an instruction address which is excessively large, so that the fast random access storage of a digital computer is generally split up into individually addressable 'words each comprising several bits. In general therefore, each word must hold the binary representation (or bit pattern) of more than one block.

For the purpose of illustration let it be assumed that it is desired to produce a piece of material having a square pattern without a centre of symmetry or axes of symmetry which repeats several times across the width of the material being manufactured. In general, each actuator will need the information from one block in the information relating to the pattern according to the position of that actuator relative to the pattern in the horizontal and vertical directions. The relative position of the actuator will usually travel along a row of the pattern from left to right or vice versa, until the end of the row of pattern is reached and then resume at the first position in the row of pattern. At some time the actuator will move to another course of material and thus to another row of the pattern.

Finally, the actuator will finish the last course which it is required to do for this reproduction of the pattern, and start a new course by using one of the rows from the beginning of the pattern. The following events thus take place in descending order of frequency.

2.l A normal stitch.

2.2 The end of a row in the pattern. 2.3 The end of a course in the material. 2.4 The end of the pattern.

It is desirable, therefore, to use a method of unpacking the bit patterns from a word which does the least work in event 2.1 and transfers such work as is necessary to events 2.3 and 2.4.

The method of pattern data storage employed is to store the pattern data in such a way that a word of fast random access storage holds the bit patterns representing a number of blocks from a column of pattern data rather than the bit patterns for successive blocks in a row of the pattern data. The successive bit patterns representing the blocks in a row may be unpacked by applying the appropriate mask for that row of the pattern to successive words of storage containing that row. One mask may be used for unpacking the bit pattern. and another, or the same mask, or a test for zero. may be used for comparing it to the bit pattern representing a block. This method of storage has the following advantages:

1. It avoids the provision of hardware for a two register shift instruction to unpack successive bit patterns in a word of storage by shifting the bit patterns from one register to the other.

2. It utilises only one hardware register. and in the case of a two register digital computer, frees a hardware register to hold the word being built up with output bits representing control signals to the actuators.

3. Although the masks being used for one actuator routine change with the position of the actuator relative to the pattern, this method does not require the provision of storage for two masks for each actuator routine since the instructions in the actuator routine referring to the masks can be changed to access the required masks.

4. The same masks may be used throughout 2.1 and 2.2 above and instructions in the stored program referring to the masks have to be changed only in 2.3 and 2.4 above.

5. The use ofmasks to unpack the bit patterns stored in the way suggested facilitates the use ofsymmetry as the unpacking operations can conveniently take place in any order, in contrast to any method of unpacking by shifting.

6. Left/right symmetry along a row of the pattern is achieved by the order of access of words of storage during 2.] above rather than by unpacking bit patterns which must inevitably utilise more instructions and take longer.

7. This method does not require the use of an index register.

The speed of examination by a stored program of computer instructions of the pattern data in the fast random access storage of a particular type of digital computer often depends on which instructions are present in the instruction set of that digital computer. For instance, an Increment memory and then skip the next instruction if the result is zero instruction may be used to increment an address, which points to a storage area for pattern data, in order to access that data in ascending address order and thus move right across the pattern. If no decrement memory and then skip the next instruction if the result is zero instruction is present in the instruction set of that particular type of digital computer, then the stored program of computer instructions may have to be made more complex in order to access patterndata while moving left across the pattern. A more complex method of access will take up extra time, and it may thus be desirable to minimise the occurrence of left movement across the pattern.

The amounts of left and right movement across the pattern are not necessarily the same as there may be one more or less left movement than right movement in a course, and the pattern may have a partial repeat at one side of the course. The arrangement of left and right movement is generally the same in each course if the pattern is to be repeated coherently.

These difficulties may be overcome by storing the pattern data from the right hand side to the left hand side of the pattern in ascending address order in order to reduce the frequency of complex action to decrement an address. when the left movement exceeds the right movement on each and every course of the pattern.

In some situations it is advantageous to store the pattern data in a particular way. For example there is the case of a circular knitting machine having 16 knitting stations and actuators knitting a pattern of i7 lines using two actuators for every helix of stitches which make up the material manufactured by such a machine. Each actuator will only knit the stitches in one particular helix because of the nature of a circular knitting machine. The two actuators knitting a particular helix must be adjacent. it can be seen that this knitting machine will knit a total of eitht helices. When the fabric is removed from the knitting machine, and split, each helix will separate into several parts and become every eighth course in the material. Consequently, the first and second actuators will knit every eighth course using every eighth row or line in the pattern and thus knit the following lines in the following order:

In this case the first and second actuators knit every line in the pattern once only before they come back to their respective starting positions relative to the pattern. Since all the other actuators obey the same relationship as these actuators. and their starting positions are present in the above sequence. they must also follow the sequence.

In the above example it is advantageous to store the lines of the pattern in the order in which they are used rather than the order in which they occur in the pattern. This can, of course. be done in both the two ways previously described in the above section. This further novel method of storage has the following advantages:

1. A single test for the end of pattern condition can be used instead of several tests for the end of each course which constitutes the last course in the pattern for the actuators knitting that course.

2. The means for finding and accessing the next line in the pattern at the end of a course for a particular actuator is greatly simplified.

In order to fully understand the stored program of computer instruction it is necessary to examine all the conditions which will occur and require action by the program. These conditions will now be examined with particular reference to program A.

The output of control signals to the actuators takes place when a signal from the textile producing machine causes an interrupt of normal computer operation in order to give priority to that output. Subroutine NEWL effects this output. and also ensures that the computer remains in step with the textile producing machine.

After an interrupt has occurred and been processed, the actuator routines assemble the output due at the next interrupt and then return control to the WAIT loop in order to wait for that interrupt. Provision must also be made for output at the start of operation. The relevant coding of the stored program of computer instructions begins with the label START.

The end of a half line of the pattern for an actuator is the next most frequently occurring condition. Program A assumes a vertical axis of symmetry in the pattern and requires the storage of pattern data for only half of each line in the pattern. Program A further assumes that the pattern repeates several times across each course. Consequently. this condition occurs several times in a course. whenever an actuator reaches the end of a half line of the pattern after moving either left or right across that half line. The direction of move ment of that actuator relative to the pattern must be changed from left to right. or vice versa. Consequently. the following action must be taken insubroutine RESET which is called on detection of the end ofa half line of the pattern by any actuator routine.

The words of pattern data used by program A hold the bit patterns representing a number of blocks from a column of pattern data. Consequently, successive bit patterns representing the blocks in a row or line of pattern data may be unpacked by accessing successive words of storage containing that line. Program A uses a word pointer to point to the location of the word holding the bit pattern currently being examined for a particular actuator. Program A assumes that no decrement instruction is available on the computer. Consequently. to move left relative to the pattern data the word pointer must be effectively decremented by incrementing a negative value. To move left instead of right, or vice versa, at the end of a half line this value must be changed in sign so that it can be effectively decremerited instead of incremented. or vice versa.

However, we have already tested the word pointer to detect the end of a half line and have eithe incremented or effectively decremented it for convenience in programming terms. The word pointer must therefore be increased by two. to compensate either for that increment instead of an effective decrement or vice versa. which took place during the testing ofthe word pointer.

The instruction, which accesses the words, must be changed to one which caters for a word pointer of the opposite sign.

ProgramA assumes thatthe blocks consist entirely of information concerning single face stitches. The number of bit patterns stored for a half line of the pattern in the fast random access storage of the digital computer minus one must be added to the new value of the word pointer to give the test address value for the next end ofa half line ofthe pattern. The number of bit patterns stored in the example is l l as program A assumes that the block on an axis of symmetry is common to both images and does not repeat adjacent to itself. The number added is always positive. because the value of the word pointer is always actually incremented, and is 10 in the example. The situation at the start of a half line of the pattern can be visualised as follows:

LE FT RIGHT Storage: Actual address 109 0 101 Numeric value lT09 l00;9 1tT)1 110 111 T word test t word test polnter address pointer address value value Material: Half line of These stitches may be knitted during a left or a right movement across the half pattern, and they may have been preceded by a left or a right movement at the end of the last course. Consequently, there are four cases to be considered whenstitghes are left over.

The new course will use different bit patterns in the same words that were used by the old course. The particular bit patterns used will depend on whether this particular actuator is moving up or down relative to the pattern. A bit pattern number is stored by program A for each actuator to identify which hit patterns are being used by this actuator. Since program A stores the lines of the pattern in the order in which they are used, this bit pattern number is altered by plus or minus one at the end ofa course. it should be noted that it is more convenient in programming terms if this bit pattern number has a negative value. The masks used to extract and test the bit patterns for this actuator must be changed by changing the appropriate instructions in the actuator routine using the bit pattern number, together with the actions specified for the four cases below.

The following table shows a left movement after a left movement.

; Left Right Leit Negative Positive Negative Word pointer l04 -l00 101 110-109 Half line of the pattern 919-100 1T09 test word address pointer value Halt line of the pattern Storage address: 100 104 110 9Dl00 1T04 test word Bit pattern number address pointer n+1 going down value n-1 going up The following actions must be taken to cater for the above condition. The number of stitches in the remainder (5) must be subtracted from the word pointer. The test address value must be left unchanged. The instruction which accesses the words must remain unchanged.

The following table shows a left movement after a right movement.

;' Left Right Negative Positive i...

Word pointer l04 -100 101 110 Half line of the pattern Bit pattern number 3 The following actions must be taken to cater for the above condition.

The word pointer must be made negative. and the number of stitches in a half line of pattern plus one (12) must be added to it. The number of stitches in the remainder (5) must be subtracted from the result to give the new word pointer.

The test address value must be made negative. and the number of stitches in a half line of pattern plus one must be added to it.

The instruction which accesses the words must he changed to cater for a negative word pointer.

The following table shows a right movement after a right movement.

i i Right Left Right Positive Negative Positive I Word pointer 106 110-109 101 I Hall line of the pattern l word test pointer address value Bit pattern number n Half line of the pattern Storage address 100 106 110 word test pointer address value Bit pattern number -n+l going down D: &Q !l1.1?

. 1 Right Left Course 5 Positive Negative Word pointer 106 110-109 100 Left movement: Half line of the pattern test word Bit pattern number address pointer n value Right movement: ilali line of the pattern Storage address 100 106 110 T 1100 110 111 word test Bit pattern number pointer address =n+1 going down value =n1 going up The following actions must be taken to cater for the above condition.

The word pointer must be made positive. and the number of stitches in a halfline of the pattern plus one (l2) must be added to it. The number of stitches in the remainder (5) must then be subtracted from the result to give the new word pointer.

The test address value must be made positive. and the number of stitches in a half line of pattern plus one must be added to it. The instruction which accesses the words must be changed to cater for a positive word value.

Subroutine RESET caters for whichever of these conditions occurs, and the relevant instructions begin at the label.

The next most frequent condition is referred to as the end of word condition. The words of pattern data used by program A hold the bit patterns representing a number of blocks from a column of of pattern data. When all the bit patterns in each and every word holding a number of half lines of the pattern and referred to as a line ofwords have been used a new line of words has to be used for the next course. If the word pointer is positive for the movement at the start ofa course, the selection ofthe next line of words is achieved simply by adding the number of bit patterns in a half line of pattern to the word pointer and test address value as calculated in cases 3 and 4 above in order to increase their numeric value, when going down. or subtracting that number of bit patterns in order to decrease their numeric value, when going up. if the word pointer is negative for the movement at the start ofa course the selection of the next line of words is achieved by subtracting the number of bit patterns in a halfline of pattern from the word pointer and test address value as calculated in cases I and 2 above in order to increase their numeric value, when going down. or adding that number of bit patterns in order to decrease their numeric value, when going up.

The bit pattern number is reset to the value appropriate for the first bit pattern in a word when going down, and the last bit pattern in a word, when going up. The masks used to extract and test the bit patterns for this actuator must be changed by changing the appropriate instructions in the actuator routine using the bit pattern number. Appropriate action is taken over the instruction which accesses the words as specified in cases 1 to 4 above. The following diagram illustrates this in case The following table shows a left movement after a left movement at the end of the previous course, with the actuator going down relative to the pattern.

Left Movement: -88 -89 98 test word Bit pattern number address pointer --I value patterns to a word).

In this case, therefore, we must subtract the number of bit patterns in a half line of pattern from the word pointer in order to add to its numeric value and make the actuator go down relative to the pattern, because the word pointer is negative.

The end of word condition is catered for by subroutine RESET, and the relevant instructions start at the label NOTOP.

The half line at the top ofthe pattern is always represented by the first set of bit patterns in a line of words to conserve storage. Consequently, the test for reaching the top of the pattern is a word pointer address of a certain value and the end of word condition. But the action taken is similar to that taken at the end of a course because the same line of words will be used for the next course. The following additions to the action taken at the end of a course cater for the top of pattern condition. Up is reset to down. The bit pattern number is set to a value appropriate to the second set of bit patterns in the line of words with consequent changes to the instructions in the actuator routine.

The following table illustrates this condition.

It should be noted that the next course and the last course before the top course are identical, because of the horizontal axis of symmetry in this pattern.

Left movement -g9 l00 -109 test word address pointer Bit pattern number value 8 Top halt line Storage address 100 104 Left movement -9t1 100 -i0t test word pointer address and top of value pattern test Bit pattern number value 7 The top of pattern condition is catered for by subroutine RESET, and the relevant instructions start with label TOP.

A similar condition occurs at the bottom of the pattern. although the bottom ofthe pattern may not occur at the end of a word. Appropriate action is taken in subroutine RESET to cater for the bottom of the pattern, and the relevant instructions start at label BOP.

Program A is used for the control of one textile producing machine by one computer using one pattern of four colours but no stitch variations with contiguous rectangular repeated areas. arranged as a matrix, whose blocks store information concerning single face stitches. The program caters for a pattern of undetermined size with horizontal and vertical axes of symmetry. The axes of symmetry run through stitches rather than between them so that the stitch on an axis of symmetry never repeats adjacent to itself.

Program A assumes that a number of stitches are left over above the repeats in a course and are knitted at the start of the course The first and last parts of a course are assumed to use the pattern by moving left across it. The program assumes that all the actuators manufacture all the lines of the pattern and that the words of storage holding pattern data hold successive bit patterns representing the blocks in a column of pattern data. The textile producing machine can have any number of actuators and any number of needles. Provision can be made to duplicate part of this program to allow the control ofa second textile producing machine producing the same pattern, provided certain minor alterations are made to the program.

A series of modifications to the program provide buffered output, the storage of lines of pattern in their order of occurence and the output of large blocks.

()perand Comment Cycles Label Operation Storage tor the interrupt subroutine. OUTI Octal OCT ()ctal 135 'I-lll Storage for output hits (ill l5.

026047 Storage for output hits in 3|.

I7Z5h3 Storage for output bits 32 47.

Storage words can he provided to hold as many output hits as are required. It should be noted that the initial values of the output words allow an immediate interrupt at the start ofoperation. The initial values of the output words are for the first output in a course.

NEW LB Octal NPOS ()Ctul FLAG ()ctal 0 Temporary storage for the B register. Minus count of the needle position. An initial value of minus one forces the textile machine and the computer into step as soon as possible. See the interrupt routine for details, Output complete l'lag.

This flag is not set because we do not need to set up the output words at the start of operation,

Constants for the interrupt subroutine MNN Decimal Minus the number of needle positions on this textile machine.

The storage words used by the actuator routines. It should be noted that there are initial values but that the values given are not intended to be significant.

AOOST ()ctal AOUW Absolute AOIIT Absolute AUlST Octal AlllW Absolute AtllT Absolute a ifis'r Octal A l 5W Absolute A l ST Absolute (H1773 BEGlNHexp 3| BEGlN+texp 4| Actuator l5 status word. Actuator l5 word pointer Actuator I5 test address valuev The values of the expressions above are dependent on Culuut C masks 1 both the pattern and the knitting machine. The pro- I &3 gram itself can be used to calculate these values. BITS Octal 40 100000 Bit pattern extract and compare masks for four colours. 2, 5 BlTl 1 Octal 4000 100000000000 Coiour A bit pattern is always Zero BtT13 Octal 20000 10000000000000 BIT 1 5 Octal 100000 1 000001m000110000 Colour D and unpacking masks Colour B masks. MASKl Octal 3 ll BtT0 Octal 1 01 MASK2 Octal 14 1100 BIT: Octal 4 0100 m MASK} Octal 00 110000 BIT-i Octal 20 010000 MASK4 Octal 300 1 1000000 BITh Octal 100 01000000 MASKS Octal 1400 1 100000000 BITX Octal 400 0100000000 MASKfi Octal 0000 1 100000001010 BlT 10 OL'ltll 2000 010000000000 MASK7 Octal 30000 1 10110000000000 IT t 3 Octal 1011011 U I tmlttmlttttlflttllt MASKH 00011 140000 1 1000000000011000 B [T 1 4 0m! 40000 0100001i000000000 Lahel Operation ()perantl ('olnment Cyeles The storage words used h the RESET subroutine. 'Ihe RESET subroutine can he used h more than one program proiided the textile machines controlled b said programs are producing the same pattern. The programs \till not of course use the RESET subroutine simultaneously.

()L 'lN Octal ll Holds the output nord currently in the B register (NTK Octal ll Temporary storage for the bit pattern number.

Pointers.

ASTAT Detail 0 Points to the current ilClUlllUT .QTUTUS WUl'Li (onstants Ml Decimal l llllllllllllllll M3 Decimal -3 lllllllllllllltlt M7 Decimal 7 llllllllllllltltll MK Decimal it llllllllllllltltlll POT-SI Decimal X The part of the pattern left over at the left hand side of the course MUFST Decimal X The offset is negative for left mo\ement.

l he offset is also negative for right movement.

PNSLP Decimal W The nuniher of stitches In a line of half pattern MNSLP Decimal -W Minus the number of stitches in a line of half pattern.

EUPCV Decimal Y The end of pattern value of the hit pattern number.

ICNTK Decimal Z The initial value ofthe hit pattern number at the bottom of the pattern.

PNSHM Decimal W-l The another of stitches in a line of hall pattern minus one.

Masks.

ADDX Qetal 001777 Ulltllltltll i I It I ll ll lll hit address mask.

MSKl Octal l774llll l l l l l l l IUUOUUUUU MSK2 Octal H0377 lllltlOUOllllllll IAST Octal UO'HOY UllOUl i l IBBBBHBBB Leading ones and the initial value of the minus number of halt" patterns Completed in a course.

Instruction pointer.

POINT Octal 0 Points to the instructions in the actuator routine. Instructions 158 Jump to Subroutine LDlW LDAI Load the A register with the contents of the address held in the A register.

lM ASK A register and MASKX+l memory ISEL Add to the A register lSEL lTSTB Compare the A BlTl4+l register with TTSTU Compare the A BlTl+l register with ITSTD Compare the A MASKX+l register with Address constants BUPA \f Absolute -END+WX The bottom of pattern store address \alue modified by offset 

1. The combination comprising a textile material producing machine having at least one electromechanically operated actuating element and means for producing information representative of the status of the machine, and a stored program digital computer, the computer including random access storage means in which is stored information representative of at least one repeated area of the material to be produced, the information relating to a respective repeated area being stored only once in said storage means, said computer also including logic unit means disposed between said storage means and the machine and a control program means, said logic unit means receiving said status information from the machine and acting to produce control information according to said repeated area information and to supply said control information to each said actuating element of the machine as instructed by the control program means in the time available during the operation of the machine, the information representative of each repeated area being stored in said storage means in an order other than that in which the control information is produced for supply to each said actuating element.
 2. The combination according to claim 1 in which said repeated area information stored in said storage means includes a block representative of the control information to be produced by said logic unit means and supplied to at least one actuating element for the production of a repetitive portion of the repeats on the textile material.
 3. The combination according to claim 1 in which a repeated area of the textile material includes a repetitive portion, said stored information representative of said repeated area including a plurality of bit patterns each comprising one or more bits and being stored in a certain order to define the pattern of said repeated area, each kind of bit pattern being uniquely related to one kind of repetitive portion.
 4. The combination according to claim 2 in which a plurality of bit patterns each comprising one or more bits are stored in said storage means in a certain order to define the pattern of a repeated area, each kind of bit pattern being uniquely related to one kind of repetitive portion.
 5. The combination according to claim 3 in which, when a repeated area contains an axis of symmetry, bit patterns are stored for only one of those parts of the repeated area which are in symmetry to each other.
 6. The combination according to claim 4 in which, when a repeated area contains an axis of symmetry, bit patterns are stored for only one of those parts of the repeated area which are in symmetry to each other.
 7. The combination according to claim 3 in which said storage means includes bistable storage elements for storing said bit patterns, each of said bit patterns comprising N bits (where N is an integer), the number of kinds of bit patterns being more than 2N 1 but at the most 2N.
 8. The combination according to claim 4 in which said storage means includes bistable storage elements for storing said bit patterns, each of said bit patterns comprising N bits (where N is an integer), the number of kinds of bit patterns being more than 2N 1 but at the most 2N.
 9. The combination according to claim 5 in which said storage means includes bistable storage elements for storing said bit patterns, each of said bit patterns comprising N bits (where N is an integer), the number of kinds of bit patterns being more than 2N 1 but at the most 2N.
 10. The combination according to claim 6 in which said storage means includes bistable storage elements for storing said bit patterns, each of said bit patterns comprising N bits (where N is an integer), the number of kinds of bit patterns being more than 2N 1 but at the most 2N.
 11. The combination according to claim 3 in which said storage meanS includes individually addressable words each of which comprises a certain number of storage elements, the storage elements of all of said words being in fixed relation to each other, a plurality of first words storing a first predetermined number of bit patterns and a plurality of second words associated with an edge of a repeated area storing a second predetermined number of bit patterns, the total number of the stored bit patterns of said first and second words comprising the pattern data, a number of said first words each containing in at least one corresponding predetermined storage element position one of a set of bit patterns to which access is required consecutively to make the control information available to the machine, said second words each containing at corresponding predetermined storage element positions one of a set of bit patterns to which access is required consecutively to make the control information available to the machine.
 12. The combination according to claim 4 in which said storage means includes individually addressable words each of which comprises a certain number of storage elements, the storage elements of all of said words being in fixed relation to each other, a plurality of first words storing a first predetermined number of bit patterns and a plurality of second words associated with an edge of a repeated area storing a second predetermined number of bit patterns, the total number of the stored bit patterns of said first and second words comprising the pattern data, a number of said first words each containing in at least one corresponding predetermined storage element position one of a set of bit patterns to which access is required consecutively to make the control information available to the machine, said second words each containing at corresponding predetermined storage element positions one of a set of bit patterns to which access is required consecutively to make the control information available to the machine.
 13. The combination according to claim 3 in which said storage means includes individually addressable words each of which comprises a certain number of storage elements, the storage elements of all of said words being in fixed relation to each other, a plurality of first words storing a first predetermined number of bit patterns and a plurality of second words associated with an edge of a repeated area storing a second predetermined number of bit patterns, the total number of the stored bit patterns of said first and second words comprising the pattern data, each of a number of said first words having monotonically increasing addresses containing in at least one corresponding predetermined storage element position one of a set of bit patterns, which must be accessed consecutively to control said machine, the bit patterns in said set being stored in an order such that the word with the lowest order address contains the first bit pattern to which access is required, the words with increasing order addresses respectively containing the subsequent bit patterns to which access is required, and the word with the highest order address containing the last bit pattern to which access is required, each of said second words having monotonically increasing addresses containing in at least one corresponding predetermined storage element position one of a further set of bit patterns, which must be accessed consecutively to control said machine, the bit patterns in said further set being stored in an order such that the word with the lowest order address contains the first bit pattern to which access is required, the words with increasing order addresses respectively containing the subsequent bit patterns to which access is required, and the word with the highest order address containing the last bit pattern to which access is required.
 14. The combination according to claim 4 in which said storage means includes individually addressable words each of which comprises a certain number of storage elements, the storage elements of all Of said words being in fixed relation to each other, a plurality of first words storing a first predetermined number of bit patterns and a plurality of second words associated with an edge of a repeated area storing a second predetermined number of bit patterns, the total number of the stored bit patterns of said first and second words comprising the pattern data, each of a number of said first words having monotonically increasing addresses containing in at least one corresponding predetermined storage element position one of a set of bit patterns, which must be accessed consecutively to control said machine, the bit patterns in said set being stored in an order such that the word with the lowest order address contains the first bit pattern to which access is required, the words with increasing order addresses respectively containing the subsequent bit patterns to which access is required, and the word with the highest order address containing the last bit pattern to which access is required, each of said second words having monotonically increasing addresses containing in at least one corresponding predetermined storage element position one of a further set of bit patterns, which must be accessed consecutively to control said machine, the bit patterns in said further set being stored in an order such that the word with the lowest order address contains the first bit pattern to which access is required, the words with increasing order addresses respectively containing the subsequent bit patterns to which access is required, and the word with the highest order address containing the last bit pattern to which access is required.
 15. The combination according to claim 3 in which said storage means includes individually addressable words each of which comprises a certain number of storage elements, the storage elements of all of said words being in fixed relation to each other, a plurality of first words storing a first predetermined number of bit patterns and a plurality of second words associated with an edge of a repeated area storing a second predetermined number of bit patterns, the total number of the stored bit patterns of said first and second words comprising the pattern data, each of a number of said first words having monotonically increasing addresses containing in at least one corresponding predetermined storage element position one of a set of bit patterns, which must be accessed consecutively to control said machine, the bit patterns in said set being stored in an order such that the word with the highest order address contains the first bit pattern to which access is required, the words with decreasing order addresses respectively contain the subsequent bit patterns to which access is required, and the word with the lowest order address contains the last bit pattern to which access is required, each of said second words having monotonically increasing addresses containing in at least one corresponding predetermined storage element position one of a further set of bit patterns, which must be accessed consecutively to control said machine, the bit patterns in said further set being in an order such that the word with the highest order address contains the first bit pattern to which access is required, the words with decreasing order addresses respectively contain the subsequent bit patterns to which access is required, and the word with the lowest order address contains the last bit pattern to which access is required.
 16. The combination according to claim 4 in which said storage means includes individually addressable words each of which comprises a certain number of storage elements, the storage elements of all of said words being in fixed relation to each other, a plurality of first words storing a first predetermined number of bit patterns and a plurality of second words associated with an edge of a repeated area storing a second predetermined number of bit patterns, the total number of the stored bit patterns of said first and second words comprisinG the pattern data, each of a number of said first words having monotonically increasing addresses containing in at least one corresponding predetermined storage element position one of a set of bit patterns, which must be accessed consecutively to control said machine, the bit patterns in said set being stored in an order such that the word with the highest order address contains the first bit pattern to which access is required, the words with decreasing order addresses respectively contain the subsequent bit patterns to which access is required, and the word with the lowest order address contains the last bit pattern to which access is required, each of said second words having monotonically increasing addresses containing in at least one corresponding predetermined storage element position one of a further set of bit patterns, which must be accessed consecutively to control said machine, the bit patterns in said further set being stored in an order such that the word with the highest order address contains the first bit pattern to which access is required, the words with decreasing order addresses respectively contain the subsequent bit patterns to which access is required, and the word with the lowest order address contains the last bit pattern to which access is required.
 17. The combination according to claim 11 in which a word stored in said storage means includes a mask in the said corresponding predetermined storage element position.
 18. The combination according to claim 12 in which a word stored in said storage means includes a mask in the said corresponding predetermined storage element position.
 19. The combination according to claim 12 in which said control program means is stored in the storage means and includes at least one actuator routine each of which concerns at least one actuating element of said textile machine.
 20. The combination according to claim 14 in which said control program means is stored in the storage means and includes at least one actuator routine each of which concerns at least one actuating element of said textile machine.
 21. The combination according to claim 16 in which said control program means is stored in the storage means and includes at least one actuator routine each of which concerns at least one actuating element of said textile machine.
 22. The combination according to claim 19 in which said control program means includes a first set of words, each holding a different mask, and each actuator routine of said control program includes a number of control program instructions, a said instruction including the address of one word of said first set of words, said logic unit means operating in response to said program instructions to change the address part of said instruction to designate a particular mask at a particular point in time.
 23. The combination according to claim 20 in which said control program means includes a first set of words, each holding a different mask, and each actuator routine of said control program includes a number of control program instructions, a said instruction including the address of one word of said first set of words, said logic unit means operating in response to said program instructions to change the address part of said instruction to designate a particular mask at a particular point in time.
 24. The combination according to claim 21 in which said control program means includes a first set of words, each holding a different mask, and each actuator routine of said control program includes a number of control program instructions, a said instruction including the address of one word of said first set of words, said logic unit means operating in response to said program instructions to change the address part of said instruction to designate a particular mask at a particular point in time.
 25. The combination according to claim 22 in which each actuator routine of said control program means includes at least two of said control program instructions designating particular Masks in said words of said first set.
 26. The combination according to claim 23 in which each actuator routine of said control program means includes at least two of said control program instructions designating particular masks in said words of said first set.
 27. The combination according to claim 24 in which each actuator routine of said control program means includes at least two of said control program instructions designating particular masks in said words of said first set.
 28. The combination according to claim 19 in which said control program means includes a set of subroutines, each actuator routine of said control program means including a control program instruction which contains the address of one said subroutine, and said logic unit means operates in response to said control program means to change the address part of said instruction to refer to a different subroutine when a particular kind of bit pattern is to refer to a different block.
 29. The combination according to claim 20 in which said control program means includes a set of subroutines, each actuator routine of said control program means including a control program instruction which contains the address of one said subroutine, and said logic unit means operates in response to said control program means to change the address part of said instruction to refer to a different subroutine when a particular kind of bit pattern is to refer to a different block.
 30. The combination according to claim 21 in which said control program means includes a set of subroutines, each actuator routine of said control program means including a control program instruction which contains the address of one said subroutine, and said logic unit means operates in response to said control program means to change the address part of said instruction to refer to a different subroutine when a particular kind of bit pattern is to refer to a different block.
 31. The combination according to claim 5 in which said storage means contains individually addressable words each of which comprises a certain number of storage elements, certain of these words storing at least one bit pattern, said control program means being stored in said storage means and including at least one actuator routine each of which concerns at least one actuating element of said textile machine.
 32. The combination according to claim 6 in which said storage means contains individually addressable words each of which comprises a certain number of storage elements, certain of these words storing at least one bit pattern, said control program means being stored in said storage means and including at least one actuator routine each of which concerns at least one actuating element of said textile machine.
 33. The combination according to claim 31 in which each actuator routine includes two words for accessing a word holding bit patterns, and said logic unit means operates in response to said control program means to change the first word of said two words to hold a control program instruction of a certain type according to the sign of the address value in the second word to produce respective parts of the repeated area in both senses of symmetry.
 34. The combination according to claim 32 in which each actuator routine includes two words for accessing a word holding bit patterns, and said logic unit means operates in response to said control program means to change the first word of said two words to hold a control program instruction of a certain type according to the sign of the address value in the second word to produce respective parts of the repeated area in both senses of symmetry.
 35. The combination according to claim 33 in which said control program means also includes a subroutine for accessing the word holding the bit patterns and an instruction related to a negative address value for transferring the control of the logic unit means to said subroutine.
 36. The combination according to claim 34 in which said control program means Also includes a subroutine for accessing the word holding the bit patterns and an instruction related to a negative address value for transferring the control of the logic unit means to said subroutine.
 37. The combination according to claim 31 in which each actuator routine of said control program means includes two words for accessing a word holding bit patterns from said storage means, and the logic unit means operates in response to said control program means to change the first of said two words to hold a control program instruction which decrements the address value contained in the second of said two words to produce a part of a repeated area in one sense of symmetry, and to change said first word to hold a control program instruction which increments said address value to produce a part of said repeated area in the opposite sense of symmetry.
 38. The combination according to claim 32 in which each actuator routine of said control program means includes two words for accessing a word holding bit patterns from said storage means, and the logic unit means operates in response to said control program means to change the first of said two words to hold a control program instruction which decrements the address value contained in the second of said two words to produce a part of a repeated area in one sense of symmetry, and to change said first word to hold a control program instruction which increments said address value to produce a part of said repeated area in the opposite sense of symmetry.
 39. The combination according to claim 11 in which the control program means also includes a set comprised of at least one actuator routine concerning at least one actuating element, and each word of a group of at least two words of the pattern data with addresses n, n + m, n + 2m, etc., contains at least two bit patterns, all said bit patterns in all said words being accessed by at least one actuator routine of said set of actuator routines, the bit patterns being stored in such a manner that each actuator routine in said set first accesses all the bit patterns in one word of said group of words before accessing any bit pattern in any of the remaining words of said group.
 40. The combination according to claim 12 in which the control program means also includes a set comprised of at least one actuator routine concerning at least one actuating element, and each word of a group of at least two words of the pattern data with addresses n, n + m, n + 2m, etc., contains at least two bit patterns, all said bit patterns in all said words being accessed by at least one actuator routine of said set of actuator routines, the bit patterns being stored in such a manner that each actuator routine in said set first accesses all the bit patterns in one word of said group of words before accessing any bit pattern in any of the remaining words of said group.
 41. The combination according to claim 13 in which the control program means also includes a set comprised of at least one actuator routine concerning at least one actuating element, and each word of a group of at least two words of the pattern data with addresses n, n + m, n + 2m, etc., contains at least two bit patterns, all said bit patterns in all said words being accessed by at least one actuator routine of said set of actuator routines, the bit patterns being stored in such a manner that each actuator routine in said set first accesses all the bit patterns in one word of said group of words before accessing any bit pattern in any of the remaining words of said group.
 42. The combination according to claim 14 in which the control program means also includes a set comprised of at least one actuator routine concerning at least one actuating element, and each word of a group of at least two words of the pattern data with addresses n, n + m, n + 2m, etc., contains at least two bit patterns, all said bit patterns in all said words being Accessed by at least one actuator routine of said set of actuator routines, the bit patterns being stored in such a manner that each actuator routine in said set first accesses all the bit patterns in one word of said group of words before accessing any bit pattern in any of the remaining words of said group.
 43. The combination according to claim 15 in which the control program means also includes a set comprised of at least one actuator routine concerning at least one actuating element, and each word of a group of at least two words of the pattern data with addresses n, n + m, n + 2m, etc., contains at least two bit patterns, all said bit patterns in all said words being accessed by at least one actuator routine of said set of actuator routines, the bit patterns being stored in such a manner that each actuator routine in said set first accesses all the bit patterns in one word of said group of words before accessing any bit pattern in any of the remaining words of said group.
 44. The combination according to claim 16 in which the control program means also includes a set comprised of at least one actuator routine concerning at least one actuating element, and each word of a group of at least two words of the pattern data with addresses n, n + m, n + 2m, etc., contains at least two bit patterns, all said bit patterns in all said words being accessed by at least one actuator routine of said set of actuator routines, the bit patterns being stored in such a manner that each actuator routine in said set first accesses all the bit patterns in one word of said group of words before accessing any bit pattern in any of the remaining words of said group.
 45. The combination comprising a textile material producing machine for producing textile material having on a background spaced repeats of a repeated area, said textile machine having at least one electromechanically operated actuating element which moves relative to the material being produced and means for producing information representative of the status of the machine, and a stored program digital computer, the computer including random access storage means in which is stored information representative of a repeated area of the material to be produced, the information relating to the repeated area being stored only once in said storage means and said storage means also having information of the position of the repeats of said repeated area of said textile material, said computer also including logic unit means disposed between said storage means and the machine and a control program means, said logic unit means receiving said status information from the machine and acting to produce control information according to said repeated area information and said position information and to supply said control information to each said actuating element of the machine as instructed by the control program means in the time available during the operation of the machine, the information representative of each repeated area being stored in said storage means in an order other than that in which the control information is produced for supply to each said actuating element, said control program means also including actuator routines each of which is related to a respective number of actuating elements of the textile machine, said logic unit means as instructed by a said actuator routine calculating the data to be output to said respective number of actuating elements for each successive relative position of said respective actuating elements with respect to the material, said logic unit means so acting at a particular point in time for a future relative position of said respective number of actuating elements with respect to the material, said future relative position being at least one position in the sequence of relative positions ahead of the actual relative position of said respective number of actuating elements with respect to the material at said particular point in time, each of said actUator routines of said control program means including data which defines both a further relative position for said respective actuating elements with respect to one of the repeated areas and corresponding to said future relative position, and whether said further relative position lies within one of the said repeats.
 46. The combination according to claim 45 wherein said control program means also includes a reset routine and setup routine said reset routine providing a said actuator routine with means to operate said logic unit means to produce a pattern on the background of the material whenever its respective further relative position becomes external to all of the said repeats, and said setup routine removing said means from an actuator routine whenever its respective further relative position becomes internal to one of the said repeats.
 47. The combination according to claim 45 wherein each said further relative position has two co-ordinates one of which changes more frequently than the other, said control program means determining whether one of said further relative positions has become internal to one of the said repeats only when its most frequently changing co-ordinate becomes equal to the respective co-ordinate of a boundary between a repeat and the background, information being stored for each actuator routine for the purpose of said determination.
 48. The combination according to claim 46 wherein each said further relative position has two co-ordinates one of which changes more frequently than the other, said control program means determining whether one of said further relative positions has become internal to one of the said repeats only when its most frequently changing co-ordinate becomes equal to the respective co-ordinate of a boundary between a repeat and the background, information being stored for each actuator routine for the purpose of said determination.
 49. The combination according to claim 47 in which said storage means includes individually addressable words, each of which comprises a predetermined number of storage elements, said storage means including a counter for each actuator routine constituted by a said addressable word for counting according to the most frequently changing co-ordinate of the respective further relative position until it reaches a predetermined number which corresponds to the respective co-ordinate of a boundary between a repeat and the background, it being determined by said logic unit means in response to said control program means whether said further relative position is inside the repeat by reference to the other co-ordinates of the further relative position only when said counter has reached said predetermined number.
 50. The combination according to claim 48 in which said storage means includes individually addressable words, each of which comprises a predetermined number of storage elements, said storage means including a counter for each actuator routine constituted by a said addressable word for counting according to the most frequently changing co-ordinate of the respective further relative position until it reaches a predetermined number which corresponds to the respective co-ordinate of a boundary between a repeat and the background, it being determined by said logic unit means in response to said control program means whether said further relative position is inside the repeat by reference to the other co-ordinates of the further relative position only when said counter has reached said predetermined number.
 51. The combination according to claim 49 in which said storage means stores a table of information containing successive values which correspond to the distances between the successive boundaries.
 52. The combination according to claim 50 in which said storage means stores a table of information containing successive values which correspond to the distances between the successive boundaries.
 53. The combination according to claim 51 in which said table contains the co-ordinates to be tested for each boundary, there being one such co-ordinate, corresponding to the least frequently changing co-ordinates of the further relative positions, for each of the repeats which have a common co-ordinate corresponding to the most frequently changing co-ordinates of the further relative positions, relating to that boundary.
 54. The combination according to claim 52 in which said table contains the co-ordinates to be tested for each boundary, there being one such co-ordinate, corresponding to the least frequently changing co-ordinates of the further relative positions, for each of the repeats which have a common co-ordinate corresponding to the most frequently changing co-ordinates of the further relative positions, relating to that boundary.
 55. The combination according to claim 53 wherein said logic unit means operates in response to said control program means to test when the last item in the said table has been reached and resume operation at the first item, for repeated use of the said table during the continuous operation of the machine to produce a two-dimensional textile material in which the arrangement of repeats is itself repeated.
 56. The combination according to claim 54 wherein said logic unit means operates in response to said control program means to test when the last item in the said table has been reached and resume operation at the first item, for repeated use of the said table during the continuous operation of the machine to produce a two-dimensional textile material in which the arrangement of repeats is itself repeated.
 57. The combination according to claim 55 in which the values of the co-ordinates in the said table are referred to an axis which extends in the direction of the most frequently changing co-ordinates of said further relative positions, which axis coincides with a further boundary line between one of the repeats and the background.
 58. The combination according to claim 56 in which the values of the co-ordinates in the said table are referred to an axis which extends in the direction of the most frequently changing co-ordinates of said further relative positions, which axis coincides with a further boundary line between one of the repeats and the background.
 59. The combination according to claim 57 in which said table includes an additional co-ordinate for each repeat which extends across said axis.
 60. The combination according to claim 58 in which said table includes an additional co-ordinate for each repeat which extends across said axis.
 61. The combination according to claim 51 in which a word including an index is stored in said storage means for each actuator routine in order to facilitate access to the data stored in the said table.
 62. The combination according to claim 52 in which a word including an index is stored in said storage means for each actuator routine in order to facilitate access to the data stored in the said table.
 63. The combination according to claim 45 wherein said control program means is stored in the storage means and includes a set of subroutines, each actuator routine including a control program instruction which includes the address of the word at which one subroutine out of said set of subroutines starts, the logic unit means operating in response to the control program to change the address part of said instruction to designate different subroutines at different points in time according to the nature of that part of the pattern which corresponds to the respective further relative position at a certain point in time.
 64. The combination according to claim 19 wherein said control program means includes a set of words, each of which holds a different mask, and each actuator routine includes a control program instruction which includes the address of one said word, the logic unit means operating in response to said control program means to change the address part of said instruction to refer to a different subroutine when a particular kind of bit pattern is to refer to a different block.
 65. The combination according to claim 20 wherein said control program means includes a set of words, each of which holds a different mask, and each actuator routine includes a control program instruction which includes the address of one said word, the logic unit means operating in response to said control program means to change the address part of said instruction to refer to a different subroutine when a particular kind of bit pattern is to refer to a different block.
 66. The combination according to claim 21 wherein said control program means includes a set of words, each of which holds a different mask, and each actuator routine includes a control program instruction which includes the address of one said word, the logic unit means operating in response to said control program means to change the address part of said instruction to refer to a different subroutine when a particular kind of bit pattern is to refer to a different block. 